From Expert

The history remembers one interesting episode from a life of two large Italian figures. Once on Ferrari factory Entso, there has arrived the then president of Italy Giovanni Gronki. He with curiosity has examined the enterprise and has asked to its owner a question: «you sit up here late. What for?» The legendary businessman has responded: «Working without rest, you have not time to think of death». A Ferrari then has not told words about an overall objective of the job but as if has predicted to itself destiny. He has lived 90 years and has had time to see, how his name brand became cult in the world of an auto racing.

For the first time Entso a Ferrari has met cars in 1908 when the father and the big brother took it on racing competitions. He then was 10 years old. Already in 13 years the son of the modest owner of a metalwork workshop from small town Modena of villages for a wheel fatherly avto. But the First World War which has affected and on an auto racing has begun, - they have left on periphery of a public life. Private soldier Ferrari grounded mules and repaired artillery vehicles. And after the end of war long could not find job: empty seats at the Italian enterprises there was much less, than a quantity of soldiers coming back from front.

The intuition prompted, that it is not necessary to catch at any offer on job, that the world of motors which he dreamt, will necessarily open doors. The scent has not deceived him: after war rapid growth of automobile branch has begun, and Entso Ferrari became the verifier of cars in firm CMN. It was similar to a happy case. But in 1920 it undoubtedly has passed in little-known then firm Alfa-Romeo.

The intuition and has not brought this time a Ferrari. Company Alfa-Romeo during that time developed more perfect cars, than CMN. Owners Alfa-Romeo one of the first have understood: anything so quickly does not untwist a new automobile brand, how are you getting on in motor racing, and have organised the racing command. Entso has understood, that here it can open the abilities more full. And has occurred: a Ferrari became official pilot Alfa-Romeo. An auto racing in Italy was 20th years profitable business.

Mussolini's government encouraged autoindustrialists in aspiration to create fast and reliable cars. And they, in turn, actively invested about motor racing. Only FIAT, one of leaders in reception of the state grants, has enclosed in motor racing about 10 billion lyres (about $1 million at a then course). Besides factory support, the command received prize-winning for each race. Their size strongly raznilsja depending on prestigiousness of competitions, quantity of participants, a carrying out place etc. In total within a year it was spent about 50 competitions to the general prize-winning fund of 2,5-3 million lyres. However thus in the majority of commands reigned uravnilovka: salaries of the pilots, whatever place they have occupied, a little from each other differed.

Ferrari won infrequently. From prestigious prizes on its bill only Cup Atserbo won in 1924. But he was able to present to public the achievements favourably. In 1923, after a victory on a line in Ravenna, the young racer has met a family of the well-known pilot Franchesko Barakki, come to admire on rare at that time a show - ring races. Name Barakki was at all on lips. During the First World War it battled in the sky of Italy, has brought down some tens Austrian planes and heroically was lost in fight. The fighter of the expert was decorated by the black stallion who has risen on racks. The family of the hero-pilot under impression of champion driving Entso has suggested to decorate with this symbol its car. A Ferrari with pleasure has agreed. It only has changed one detail: has placed a caracoling stallion on the bright yellow background making a basis of the arms of its native Modena.

The symbol brought such good luck, that subsequently became a brand of automobile business of a Ferrari. It personified everything, that was necessary for attraction of liking of spectators and buyers of cars: power, dynamism, brightness. The reared stallion has lived up to now. Moreover, it has become a symbol of fan-club of the racing Ferrari command uniting today millions of people all over the world, including in Russia. The picture on which the huge crowd bears a red-black-yellow panel in size with a football ground decorated with the well-known image of a stallion, appears on telescreens some times in a year. It occurs in days of victories of Michael Schumacher and Ferrari command in races «Ôîðìóëû-1».

In 1929 the world economic crisis has painfully struck on motor industry of Italy, and sports career of a Ferrari has appeared is close to the termination as Alfa-Romeo has started to think of curling of the racing program. Exit Entso saw one: to continue to co-operate with this company on a contract basis. And it has registered own firm, having named it is unambiguous - Scuderia Ferrari («the Ferrari Command»). As own money has not sufficed, the beginning businessman has occupied them from friends.

Scuderia became original branch Alfa. Serial chassis Alfa-Romeo turned in command workshops to sports cars. They were equipped with the forced engines, especially strong aerodynamic bodies, special racing tyres. It was soon enough found out, that Entso the Ferrari fine plays by rigid rules of autoracing business. Moreover, it has started to restrict competitors!

Its amazing working capacity was one of components of success of a Ferrari: he worked for 16 hours a day. Plus all the same congenital intuition which directed its administrative decisions. Already in debut season Scuderia Ferrari in 22 races has gained 8 victories. The most "expensive" experts of Italy have agreed to act for it.

And all thanks to that the owner of the command reformed system of payment of pilots. A Ferrari has abolished uravnilovku, having replaced the constant salary in percent from prize-winning money. Such system was pleasant to racers much more, than stable, but the low earnings equalising experienced champions and arriving beginners. In 1931 by the car belonging to a Ferrari, Akille Vartsi has established a record of Italy on the sum prize-winning - 247 thousand lyres for a victory. Owner Scuderia Ferrari personally participated in races till 1932 while at it son Dino was not born.

One more gift of a Ferrari which has gone on advantage to its business - ability to build the relation with partners. There was a moment when because of financial disorders management Alfa-Romeo has made the decision to leave from motor racing. Then Scuderia Ferrari it should to lean exclusively against own forces. But a Ferrari has convinced other partner - known shinnuju company Pirelli - to force management Alfa-Romeo not to throw manufacture racing avto. The compromise has been found, all parties as a result have appeared not in insult, having received the profit.

In 30th years the recognised image of a Ferrari which then became known to millions fans all over the world was generated. Then Entso has received among racers valid nickname Komendatore - the director. Known pilot Ren Drejfus recollected: «Entso the Ferrari was very pleasant person friendly located, but strict enough. It was engaged in the business, never mixing it with a family. Has been closed enough, never joked. It was going to to build the whole empire, and I did not doubt seconds, that, finally, so it and will be».

In 1937 of a Ferrari has collected for Alfa-Romeo the first racing car of own design. On him last premilitary championship has been won. The success has induced Komendatore on the following important step to business. In 1939 of a Ferrari has created the second company - Auto Avia Construzione Ferrari which, unlike Scuderia, should be engaged not in races, and release of cars. But the Second World War has prevented manufacture development.

However, without Ferrari business did not remain. It has received the favourable order for delivery of machine tools and aircraft engines and has translated manufacture from Modena in the city-companion of Maranello. Release of military production managed to be developed for short time. But the new factory has appeared a target of Anglo-American aircraft, and in 1944 of shop have been destroyed.

At once, as soon as there has come the world, Komendatore has made of what he dreamt all life. Agreement absolutely favourable to it with Alfa-Romeo has been first of all cancelled not. Now it was possible to let out own cars, and in 1947 there was a first car of stamp Ferrari. Thus, Entso began to develop the business simultaneously in two close directions. It supervised over the racing command and let out cars of the special class model "125" with the powerful 12-cylinder engine became which typical representative, outwardly similar on usual road avto. But it possessed all properties of the racing car. This technical know-how has created glory of the new automobile company.

Ferrari and further went special by, making in small volumes very powerful avto, stuffed with the newest equipment and partially collected manually. Naturally, their price was and remains very high. Now the car decorated with a black stallion, costs about $150-250 thousand a year is issued no more than 4 thousand these exclusive cars.

The Old World which has started missing on shows came to the senses after war. A Ferrari has offered entertainment in the form of races of the fast and made avto. Komendatore has concentrated efforts, first of all, to manufacture of cars for gaining in strength «Formula-1», and also for such popular races, as «24 hours of Le Mans» and «One thousand miles». Pilots Scuderia Ferrari won competitions one behind another. In the early fifties Maranello became informal capital of world motor racing, and stamp Ferrari - one of the most expensive and prestigious. After all in consciousness of people with the well-known brand victories in races directly communicated.

The misfortunes passing in awful law as if it was necessary to pay for the successes of a Ferrari in lives of the most liked people have suddenly begun. In 1952 and 1953 the first champion title in «Formula-1» for Scuderia has won Alberto Askari. After a year break (in 1954 Askari supported "Ljanchu") the well-known pilot has returned to a Ferrari - to become the champion in third time. The union of these outstanding personalities seemed indestructible, but on tests in Monza bolid Askari has turned over, and to rescue a life of the pilot it was not possible.

In 1956 the stroke of bad luck more hard  destruction of the liked pilot has followed. Its liked son and only heir Alfredo has died of chronic illness of kidneys (Dino) a Ferrari, the talented young engineer and the designer. Racing bolid which has started to design Dino, but other people finished absolutely, Komendatore has named a name of the son. In 1958 Michael Hotorn on car Ferrari-246 Dino became the world champion. But it has not consoled the father who became unsociable since then, did not remove on public of the big dark glasses and has entirely left in job. Car Ferrari-246-Dino had an inconsistent destiny.

It was the revolutionary working out which has outstripped time. Not casually in the late fifties Scuderia has returned itself the lost palm tree of superiority in «Ôîðìóëå-1». But the price of victories has appeared high: on Ferrari-246 two pilots of the command from three - Luigi Musso and Fil Collins have broken to death. In the late seventies in Scuderia Ferrari young Canadian racer Zhil Vilnev, so reminding Komendatore about Dino has come. A Ferrari did not hide, that dreams of how Vilnev becomes the world champion. But in 1982 ZHil tragically was lost in qualifying arrival in Belgian TSoldere.

Despite all experiences, a Ferrari has not curtailed from the way chosen by it. Scuderia could lose temporarily superiority, but it is inevitable, throughout all more than 50-year-old history «Ôîðìóëû-1», was considered as the favourite of competitions.

In the late sixties manufacture expensive sports avto was mastered by companies Lamborghini, Mazeratti, Lotus, Porshe. From sensation of a competition of a Ferrari it was hard. It seemed, that days of its power are considered. But Entso has struck to competitors unexpected blow. Remaining the owner of the enterprises in Maranello and brand Ferrari, it bequeathed the company to the Italian people, having suggested to consider it as national property. The turn from «worthy representatives of the Italian people» was built at entrance in Maranello almost at once. And head FIAT Dzhanni Anelli which has bought 50 % of actions of the enterprise, letting out prestigious avto stood the first in it.

Tandem Ferrari and FIAT has brought benefit to both motorcar giants. On the money obtained from the transaction, Komendatore has constructed in place Fiorano the new factory equipped with a wind tunnel. In the same place own autodrome for needs Scuderia has been created. Of such luxury any "Ôîðìóëû-1 command till now cannot brag. A Ferrari has employed new talented designer Mauro Forgieri, whose efforts together with the racing genius of Austrian Niki Lauda have allowed Scuderia to return in the mid-seventies on a sports Olympus. FIAT too was the winner: the black stallion in advertising of cars has allowed to lift a break-even sales level almost on 25 %. From sale of sports cars of a Ferrari and Anelli during this period received on the average about $1 billion a year.

After death Entso a Ferrari successes of its autobuilding company have begun to decline. Now it practically completely belongs FIAT, and last became the bankrupt during crisis of the autoindustry of Europe. But the black stallion still caracoles on a yellow field - in a ring auto racing of position Ferrari are firm. Italians are absolutely assured: they will save up the national property.

The autodrome in the Italian city of Imola, carrying name Entso and Dino a Ferrari became the most scale monument Komendatore. And on one of last world motor shows the concept car «Entso a Ferrari», made in Maranello has been presented. Judging by press releases, it will be the most powerful car in the world.